2607.20376v1 / README.md

all files

# Reproduction of arXiv:2607.20376v1

Status: **reproduced**, from one explicitly named deep external hypothesis.

The formal development is in [`Tihany.lean`](./Tihany.lean). It proves the
paper's new Theorem 1.4 in full and derives its central even-hole-free result,
Theorem 1.5, from exactly the bisimplicial-vertex part of the
Chudnovsky--Seymour structural theorem.

## Verification

From this directory:

```sh
lake env lean Tihany.lean
```

This succeeds offline. The file contains no `sorry`, `admit`, or custom
`axiom` declaration. An audit with

```lean
#print axioms Tihany.theorem14
#print axioms Tihany.theorem15
```

reported only `[propext, Classical.choice, Quot.sound]`, the standard logical
principles used throughout mathlib. In particular,
`ChudnovskySeymourStatement` is a proposition passed explicitly to
`theorem15`, not an axiom.

## Final theorem and declared hypothesis

`Tihany.theorem15` proves, for a finite simple graph `G` and integers
`s,t ≥ 2`,

```lean
(G.cliqueNum : ℕ∞) < G.chromaticNumber
G.chromaticNumber = s + t - 1
EvenHoleFree G
-----------------------------------------
Splittable G s t
```

from this one named hypothesis:

```lean
def ChudnovskySeymourStatement : Prop :=
  ∀ (W : Type u) [Fintype W] (H : SimpleGraph W),
    EvenHoleFree H → Nonempty W → ∃ v : W, Bisimplicial H v
```

This is the precise part of Chudnovsky and Seymour's deep structural theorem
used by the paper. Their additional bound `χ(H) ≤ 2ω(H)-1` is not assumed.
Formalizing the structural theorem itself would require reproducing the
separate long decomposition theorem on even-hole-free graphs, so it is the
single external result treated under the run's deep-theorem exception.

## Fidelity of the definitions

The development uses mathlib's `SimpleGraph`, induced graph, coloring,
chromatic number, clique number, cycle graph, and induced-containment APIs.

- `Bisimplicial G v` is literally the paper's definition: `neighborSet v` is
  the union of two clique sets. `bisimplicial_iff_finset` proves equivalence
  with the disjoint finite-clique form used in the proof. This also formally
  verifies the paper's observation that the two cliques may be made
  disjoint.
- `Splittable G s t` says that some vertex set and its complement induce
  graphs of chromatic number at least `s` and `t`. The theorem
  `splittable_iff_partition` proves equivalence with a naive formulation
  quantifying two disjoint sets whose union is the whole vertex set.
- `EvenHoleFree G` excludes induced copies `cycleGraph n ⊴ G` for every even
  `n ≥ 4`. Mathlib defines `⊴` as existence of a graph embedding, hence as an
  induced copy. `evenHoleFree_iff_naive` proves equivalence with the naive
  statement that no induced vertex set is isomorphic to such a cycle.
- `C4Free G` is the standard condition `¬ cycleGraph 4 ⊴ G`.
- The final hypotheses and conclusion use mathlib's actual `cliqueNum` and
  `chromaticNumber`, not replacement invariants.

## Proof inventory

The file proves the following components.

1. `crossNeighborhoods_comparable` constructs an actual
   `cycleGraph 4 ↪g G` from two incomparable cross-neighborhoods. Thus the
   paper's four-vertex argument is checked against the standard induced-cycle
   definition.
2. `exists_clique_with_clique_commonNeighbors` proves the structural part of
   Lemma 2.2. Instead of enumerating all of `A`, it chooses a member with
   minimum cross-neighborhood and extends it to an arbitrary `r`-subset.
   Comparability proves that this minimum neighborhood is contained in every
   other one, which is exactly what the enumeration supplies.
3. `colorable_of_missing_commonNeighbor` formalizes the coloring surgery in
   Lemma 2.1: if a color class of `G-K` lacks a vertex complete to `K`, that
   class is recolored using vertices of `K`, saving one color.
4. `clique_isTihanyAt` completes Lemma 2.1. If every color class has a common
   neighbor, one representative per color together with `K` forms a forbidden
   clique of order `χ(G)`.
5. `exists_tihany_clique` combines the two paper lemmas.
6. `exists_vertexCritical_induced` chooses a smallest non-`(k-1)`-colorable
   induced subgraph. `colorable_of_delete_colorable_of_degree_lt` proves the
   usual critical-graph minimum-degree bound by extending a deletion coloring
   with a color absent from the neighborhood.
7. `theorem14_coloring` performs the corrected bisimplicial degree argument,
   produces the Tihany clique, and transports the split from the critical
   induced subgraph back to the original graph.
8. `theorem14` converts the exact mathlib hypotheses
   `ω(G)<χ(G)=s+t-1` to the finite-coloring formulation and handles both
   orders of `s,t`.
9. `theorem15` obtains hereditary bisimpliciality by applying the declared
   Chudnovsky--Seymour statement to every induced subgraph of an
   even-hole-free graph, then invokes `theorem14`.

## Correction to the paper

The last proof paragraph in v1 says, after naming the two neighborhood
cliques, “We may assume that `|A| ≤ |B|`” and then uses

```text
2|A| ≤ |A|+|B| = d(v) ≥ 2s-2
```

to conclude `|A| ≥ s-1`. That inference is invalid: the displayed
inequalities give no lower bound on the smaller summand.

The intended and sufficient choice is the larger clique:
`|B| ≤ |A|`. Then

```text
d(v) = |A|+|B| ≤ 2|A|
and
d(v) ≥ s+t-2 ≥ 2s-2,
```

so `|A| ≥ s-1`. `theorem14_coloring` makes exactly this corrected choice
(and swaps `A,B` when necessary). No other change to the argument is needed,
so this is a local direction typo rather than a counterexample to the
theorem.

## Files changed

- `Tihany.lean`: complete formal development.
- `README.md`: this reproduction and audit report.